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Cotton: What It Is and Why It Dominates Fabric Cotton is a natural, cellulosic fiber that grows as seed hair on plants in the genus Gossypium. Each fiber is roughly 87 to 91% cellulose, with water, waxes, and trace minerals filling out the rest. That simple composition is why cotton behaves the way it does on your sewing table: breathable, absorbent, and strong when spun into yarn. A few facts orient everything else in this guide: Composition: roughly 87 to 91% cellulose, according to Britannica, with the remainder made up of water and natural impurities. Commercial species: four Gossypium s …